Autoren O

Obst, Fritz Jürgen

Obst, F.J. (1962): Eine herpetologische Sammelreise nach der Mongolei. – Aquarien Terrarien, Leipzig, 9: 333-342.

Bufonidae: Bufo raddei. Hylidae: Hyla japonica. Ranidae: Rana chensinensis. Hynobiidae: Hynobius keyserlingii. Boidae: Eryx tatarisuc. Colubridae: Coluber spinalis, Elaphe dione, Taphrometopon lineolatum. Crotalidae: Agkistrodon halys. Agamidae: Agama stolizkana, Phrynocephalus versicolor. Gekkonidae: Teratoscincus przewalskii. Lacertidae: Eremias argus, Eremias kessleri, Eremias multiocellata, Eremias vermiculata.

Obst, F.J. (1980): Spezielle Gesichtspunkte bei der Erfassung unserer Zauneidechsen-Vorkommen (Lacerta agilis L.). – Feldherpetol. Mitt., 1980 (3): 8-9.

Obst, F.J. (1981): Reptielen en amfibieen in de bergen van midden Tadjikistan (USSR). – Lacerta, 39 (5): 46-56. (06-21)

Bufonidae: Bufo latastii oblongus, Bufo oblongus, Bufo viridis, Bufo viridis turanensis. Ranidae: Rana ridibunda. Testudinidae: Agrionemys horsfieldii. Agamidae: Agama agilis sanguinolenta, Agama lehmanni. Anguidae: Ophisaurus apodus. Gekkonidae: Cyrtodactylus fedtschenkoi. Lacertidae: Eremias regeli. Scincidae: Ablepharus deserti, Ablepharus pannonicus pannonicus, Ablepharus pannonicus grayanus, Eumeces schneideri princeps. Colubridae: Coluber karelini, Coluber najadum, Coluber ravergieri, Elaphe dione, Lycodon striatus, Natrix tessellata. Crotalidae: Agkistrodon halys. Elapidae: Naja naja oxiana. Viperidae: Vipera lebetina turanica.

Obst, F.J. (1981): Reptielen en amphibieën in de bergen van Tadjikistan (vervolg). – Lacerta, 39 (10): 167. (06-06)

The author has studies the herpetofauna of Tadjikistan for several years. The reptiles and amphibians of the area SW of Dushanbe are treated in this article. A description of their habitats and notes on their ecology are given. In the plains: Agrionemys horsfieldii, Agama agilis sanguinolenta, Bufo latastii oblongus, Natrix tessellata, Naja naja oxiana. On the foothills: Agama lehmanni, Elaphe dione, Coluber ravergieri, Lycodon striatus. In the mountains: few Agrionemys horsfieldii, Coluber ravergieri, Elaphe dione, Agama lehmanni, Ophisaurus apodus, Eumeces schneideri princeps, Ablepharus p. pannonicus, Ablepahrus deserti. In the gorges: Cyrtodactylus fedtschenkoi, Coluber karelini, Bufo latastii oblongus, in the bushes in more humid place Vipera lebetina turanica. Some suggestions are offered for the keeping in a terrarium whereby the need for hibernation is emphasized.

Obst, F.J. (1998): Beiträge zu einer “Herpetologia arabica”. – Faun. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkde. Dresden, 21 (Suppl.): 5-8. (45-25)

Odierna, Gaetano

ODIERNA, G., APREA, G., ARRIBAS, O., CAPRIGLIONE, T. & V. CAPUTO (1994): La cariologia di due taxa rappresentati nell´erpetofauna montana: Discoglossus OTTH, 1837 e le Archaeolacerta MEHELY, 1909 Iberiche. Abstraczts 1° Convegno italiano di erpetologia montana. Trento 6-9 Aprile 1994: 37.

ODIERNA, G., APREA, G., ARRIBAS, O., CAPRIGLIONE, T., CAPUTO, V., MORESCALCHI, A. & E. OLMO (2001): Robertsonian fusions differentiate karyologically the populations of the Pyrenean Rock lizards (Lacerta, Archaeolacerta). – In: Vicente, L. & E.G. Crespo (eds.): Mediterranean Basin Lacertid Lizards – A Biological Approach. 55-61.
Abstract:
A karyologiucal study of male and female specimens of different populations of Pyrenean rock lizards was conducted by conventional C-, Ag-NOR, DAPI and Alu I banding methods. These lacertid lizards show karyotypes rich in biarmed elements and peculiar sex chromosomes systems. In fact, Lacerta aurelioi possesses a 2n=26 macrochromosomes (10 biarmed + 12 acrocentric), the NOR localised on the long-armed telomeres of the third pair of homologues, sex system of type Z1Z2W. Whereas, Lacerta bonnali (specimens of populations of Micizo de Bigorre – Lac Bleu and Perdido), instead, possesses a 2n=24 macrochromosomes (12 biarmed + 12 acrocentric) the NOR localised on the long-armed telomeres of the third pair of homologues, a sex system of type Z1Z2W, The latter species differs from Lacerta aurelioi in the length of the W-chromosomes, as well as in some characteristics of heterochromatin. Furthermore, both males and females belonging the populations ascribed to Lacerta bonnali aranica possess a 2n=26 macrochromosomes (10 biarmed + 12 acrocentric), the NOR localised on the long-armed telomeres of the third pair of homologues. Lastly, the nspecimens of populations of the Macizo de Posets belonging to Lacerta bonnali bonnali possess a 2n=22 all biarmed chromosomes. Differences and similarities among these Pyrenean rock lizards are discussed.

Odierna, G., Aprea, G., Arribas, O., Capriglione, T. & E. Olmo (1995): The caryosystematics of the Iberian rock lizards. – Abstracts 2nd International Congress of Lacertids of the Mediterranean region: 26.

Odierna, G., Aprea, G., Arribas, O., Capriglione, T. & E. Olmo (1996): The karyology of Iberian Rock lizards. – Herpetologica, Lafayette, 52 (4): 542-550.

ODIERNA, G., APREA, G., ARRIBAS, O., CAPRIGLIONE, T. & E. OLMO (2001): The caryosystematics of the Iberian Rock Lizards.– In: Vicente, L. & E.G. Crespo (eds.): Mediterranean Basin Lacertid Lizards – A Biological Approach. Abstracts. p. 139.

ODIERNA, G., APREA, G., BOSCH, H.A.J. in den, CAPRIGLIONE, T. & E. OLMO (1998): Lacerta kulzeri complex, un caso di speciazione cromosomica allopatrica. – Abstr. Congr. Soc. herpetol. Ital., Cosenza. 61-62.

ODIERNA, G., APREA, G., CAPRIGLIONE, T., ARRIBAS, O.J., KUPRIYANOVA, L.A. & E. OLMO (1998): Progressive differentiation of the W sex-chromosome between oviparous and viviparous populations of Zootoca vivipara. – Ital. J. Zool., 65: 295-302.

ODIERNA, G., APREA, G., CAPRIGLIONE, T. & M. PUKY (2004): Chromosomal evidence for the double origin of viviparity in the European common lizard, Lacerta (Zootoca) vivipara. – Herpetological Journal, London, 14: 157-160.

ODIERNA, G., & O. ARRIBAS (2005): The karyology of ´Lacerta´ mosorensis Kolombatovic, 1886, and its bearing on phylogenetic relationships to other European Mountain lizards. – Italian Journal of Zoology, 72: 93-96.

ODIERNA, G., CAPRIGLIONE, T., CAPUTO, V. & E. OLMO (1993): Chromosome G-banding comparison among some mediterranean lacertid lizards. – In: Valakos, E.D., Böhme, W., Pérez-Mellado, V. & P. Maragou (eds.): Lacertids of the Mediterranean Region. 51-59. Hellenic Zoological Society, Athens. (58-12)

G-banding was carried out on metaphase plates of Algyroides nigropunctatus, Lacerta graeca, Podarcis muralis and Podarcis sicula. The G-band patterns of these species were also compared with that of Lacerta vivipara.
Among the investigated species equal G-banded patterns were found only at the intraspecific level. Vice versa, they were different in 3 to 16 chromosomes when the comparison was made at higher taxonomic levels.
Moreover, the expectation was conformed that the closest relationship is between the two Podarcis species, while the farthest one is between Lacerta vivipara and the four Mediterranean lacertid species. A close relationship was also suggested between the two Podarcis and Algyroides nigropunctatus, suggesting that they form a sister group of Lacerta graeca.

ODIERNA, G., CAPRIGLIONE, T., CARDONE, A. & E. OLMO (1990): I meccaniismi creomosomici coinvolti nel differenziamento dei cromosomi sessuali dei Lacertidae. – Atti 53 Congresso dell´UZI, Palermo 1-5 Ottobre 1990, 303-304.

ODIERNA, G., CAPRIGLIONE, T., OLMO, E., CARDONE, A. & C. ROSATI (1990): The karyology of some South African lacertids belonging to the genera Heliobolus, Meroles and Pedioplanis. – J. Afr. Zool., 104 (6): 541-547.

ODIERNA, G., HEULIN, B., GUILLAUME, C.-P., VOGRIN, N., APREA, G., CAPRIGLIONE, T., SURGET-GROBA, Y. & M.S. KUPRIYANOVA (2001): Evolutionary and biogeography implications of the karyological variations in the oviparous and viviparous forms of the lizard Lacerta (Zootoca) vivipara. – Ecography, 24: 332-340.

ODIERNA, G., KKUPRIYANOVA, L.A., CAPRIGLIONE, T. & E. OLMO (1993): Further data on sex chromosomes of Lacertidae and a hypothesis on their evolutionary trend. – Amphibia-Reptilia, Leiden, 14 (1): 1-11. (38-22)

Sex chromosomes were studied in eight species of lacertid lizards using C-banding, G-banding and restriction enzyme treatment. All of the species showed female heterogamety. The W chromosome was a microchromosome in Lacerta graeca and Ophisops elegans. Two types of W were found in Lacerta vivipara; in specimens from the Netherlands it was metacentric, whereas in specimens from Russia it was acrocentric or subtelocentric. The W chromosome was homomorphic or nearly homomorphic but completely C-banded and heterochromatic in Lacerta agilis, Podarcis hispanica, Algyroides moreoticus and A. nigropunctatus. In was only possible to find sex chromosomes using the G-banding method in Podarcis sicula. The results obtained, together with data in the literature, suggest that sex chromosomes are likely to be present in all Lacertidae and that their differentiation took place repeatedly and independently in different taxa within the family. A model for sex chromosome evolution in the family, in which the starting point was the heterochromatization of the W chromosome, is proposed.

Odierna, G., Olmo, W., Capriglione, T. & V. Caputo (1990): Karyological differences between Lacerta lepida and Lacerta pater. – Journal of Herpetology, Athens, Ohio, 24 (1): 97-99.

Odierna, G., Olmo, E., Caputo V., Capriglione, T. & H.A.J. in den Bosch (1995): Karyological affinity between Lacerta fraasii Lehrs, 1910 and Lacerta parva Boulenger, 1887. – Amphibia-Reptilia, Leiden, 16: 293-297. (37-29)

Odierna, G., Olmo, E. & O. Cobror 1985): C-band variability in some Lacertidae (Sauria, Reptilia). – Experientia, 41: 944-946.

Odierna, G., Olmo, E. & O. Cobror (1987): Taxonomic implications of NOR-localization in lacertid lizards. – Amphibia-Reptilia, Leiden, 8: 373-382. (29-14)

Nucleolar organizer position was studies by means of AgNOR technique in 11 species of the Lacerta-complex. NOR position is the same in species within a subgenus, but it is different in different subgenera. This observation supports Arnold´s (1973) and Guillaume and Lanza´s (1982) suggestion that the different subgenera of Lacerta (Gallotia, Lacerta part I, Lacerta part II and Podarcis) are distinct genera. The results of this study also support the hypothesis that the evolution of lacertid karyotypes is cheracterized by progressive translocation of microchromosomes to macrochromosomes.

Gallotia galloti, Lacerta dugesii, Lacerta lepida, Lacerta trilineata, Lacerta viridis, Podarcis melisellensis, Podarcis muralis, Podarcis sicula, Podarcis sicula campestris, Podarcis sicula klemmeri, Podarcis sicula mertensi, Podarcis sicula sicula, Podarcis tiliguerta, Psammodromus algirus, Takydromus sexlineatus.

Oguma, K.

Oguma, K. (1934): Studies on the sauropsid chromosomes II. The cytological evidence proving female heterogamty in the lizard (Lacerta vivipara). – Arch. Biol., Liège, 45 (1): 27-46.

Oka, T.

TOKA, T. (1973): Electron microscopic study on the spermatogenesis in the Tachydromus tachydromoides. – Acta herpet. Jap., 4 (1-4): 17. (in Japanisch)

OKA, T. (1973): Fine structural studies on the shell gland in the Japanese lizard, Takydromus tachydromoides. – Japanese J. Herpet., 5 (2): 29. (in Japanisch)

OKA, T. (1989): Ultrastructural observations on the embryonic gonads in the lizards, Takydromus tachydromoides. – In: Matsuoi, M., Hikida, T. & R.C. Goris (eds.): Current Herpetology in East Asia. – Kyoto (Herpetologicsal Society of Japan): 25.

OKA, T. & M. FUJAWARA (1973): Electron microscopic studies on the spermategenesis in the lizards, Takydromus tachydromoides Schlegel (2). – Acta herpet. Jap., 4 (1-4): 21. (in Japanisch)

Öktem, N.

ÖKTEM, N. (1963): Ophisops elegans in Türkiye´deki subspesifik durumu ve Izmir bölgesinde biyolojisi üzerinde arastiralar. – Sci. Rep. Fac. Sci. Ege Univ., Izmir, 14: 1-14.

Ölgun, K.

ÖLGUN, K. & C.V. TOK (1999): Ihlara Vadisi (aksaray)´nden toplanan Ophisops elegans (Sauria: Lacertidae) örnekleri hakkinda. – Turkish. J. Zool., Ankara, 23 (Suppl. 3): 807-810.

Oliva, O.

Oliva, O. (1950): The lizard Lacerta muralis (Laur.) found in south Slovakia. – Akvaristické Listy, 22: 1 S. (in Russisch)

Oliva, O. (1950): New documents to the geographical distribution of Lacerta vivipara in middle Bohemia. – Akvaristické Listy, 22: 2. (in Russisch)

Olmo, E., Aprea, G., Barucca, M., Canapa, A., Capriglione, T., Bosch, H.A.J. ind en & G. Odierna (2001): Allopatric speciation and chromosome polymorphism in some lacertid complexes. – Abstr. 4th intern. Symp. Lacertids Mediterranean Basin. p. 34.

Olmo, E., Cobror, O., Morecalchi, A. & G. Odierna (1984): Homomorphic sex chromosomes in the lacertid lizard Takydromus sexlineatus. – Heredity, 53: 457-459.

Oliverio, M.

Oliverio, M., Bologna, M.A. & P. Mariottini (1998): Molecular phylogenetic of the genus Podarcis. – Abstracts of the 3rd. International Symposium on the lacertids of the Mediterranean basin, Cres, Croatia, 25-29 May 1998: 12.

Oliverio, M., Bologna, M.A. & P. Mariottini (2000): Molecular biogeography of the Mediterranean lizards Podarcis Wagler, 1830 and Teira Gray, 1838 (Reptilia, Lacertidae). – J. Biogeography, 27: 1403-1420.

Oliverio, M., Bologna, M.A., Monciotti, A., Annesi, F. & P. Mariottini (1998): Molecular phylogenetics of the Italian Podarcis lizards (Reptilia, Lacertidae). – Italian J. Zool., 65: 315-324.

Oliverio, M., Burke, R., Bologna, M., Wirz, A. & P. Mariottini (2001): Molecular characterization of native (Italy) and introduced (USA) Podarcis sicula populations (Reptilia, Lacertidae). – Ital. J. Zool., 68: 121-124.

Olivier, E.

Olivier, E. (1903): Une ponte extraordinaire de Lacerta vivipara. – Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 28: 180-181.

Olmedo, G.

Olmedo, G., Lázaro, R. & J. Mellado (1985): El clima y su reelación con el ciclo de actividad de Podarcis sicula. – In: Avances sobre la investigación en Bioclimatologia (A. Blanco de Pablos, ed.) 311-330. CSIC, Salamanca.

Olmo, E.

Olmo, E., Aprea, G., Arribas, O.J., Barucca, M., Canapa, A., Capriglione, T., Bosch, H. in den & G. Odierna (2004): Chromosome variability and speciation in some lacertid complexes. - In: Pérez-Mellado, V., Riera, N. & A. Perera (eds.): The Biology of Lacertid Lizards. Evolutionary and Ecological Perspectives. Institut Menorqui d´Estudis. Recerca, 8: 259-267. (70-12)

Abstract:
The role of chromosome variability in speciation is still debated. Some authors consider them a simple byproduct of allopatric events, while others think that they could act as effective postmating isolating mechanisms. The lacertid lizards are karyologically very uniform and it has been hypothesised that the few cases of chromosomal variants are in some way involved in speciation. The chromosomal and genetic variability have been studied in two groups: the Lacerta kulzeri-complex and the Pyrenean rock lizards that are distributed as isolated high mountain populations and show an unusual chromosome variability. In both groups a relatively low genetic variability has been found also between taxa that are greatly differentiated from the karyologically point of view. This suggests that in these lizards the chromosome differences are not the byproduct of a long period of isolation but that they become established before the various populations or species began to accumulate genetic differences. A similar trend remind the King´s model of chromosomal primary allopatric speciation.

Olmo, E., Capriglione, T., Odierna, G., Caputo, V. & A. Canapa (1995): Results and perspectives in the study of the scincomorph karyology. – In: Llorente, G.A, Montori, A., Santos, X. & M.A. Carretero (eds.): Scientia Herpetologica, Barcelona, 1995: 53-67. (67-12)

The study of the karyology of Scincomorphs may be a good model for investigating the role played by chromosomal and genomic variation in the different evolutionary steps. The karyology has been extensively studied only in some families, like Lacertidae, Teiidae and Xantusiidae, while our knowledge of the genome and of the chromosome set of other families, like Scincidae, is still greatly limited. The studies performed so far, have obtained very interesting information on three aspects: the differentiation and evolution of the sex chromosomes; the origin of the unisexual species; the systematics of lacertid lizards. In conclusion, the karyological researches seem to be a powerful instrument to investigate the phylogeny of scincomorphs and also some particular aspects as the sex chromosome differentiation and the cytology of parthenogens. However it is very important to use an integrated experimental approach based on the most advanced karyological and molecular methods. Moreover, we think that in order to reach correct and valuable conclusions it is also important to compare the karyological data with other types of informations (Morphological, isoenzimatic and immunological).

Algyroides fitzingeri, Algyroides moreoticus, Algyroides nigropunctatus, Acanthodactylus pardalis, Gallotia galloti, Ichnotropis paulensis, Lacerta agilis, Lacerta bedriagae, Lacerta dugesii, Lacerta graeca, Lacerta saxicola, Lacerta lepida, Lacerta viridis, Lacerta vivipara, Latastia longicaudata, Podarcis hispanica, Podarcis melisellensis, Podarcis muralis, Podarcis pityusensis, Podarcis sicula, Podarcis taurica, Podarcis tiliguerta, Psammodromus algirus, Takydromus sexlineatus.

Olmo, E., Morescalchi, A., Cobror, O. & G. Odierna (1986): Role of highly repetitive DNA and Heterochromatin in the evolution of lizards. – In: Rocek, Z. (ed.): Studies in Herpetology, Prague 1986: 79-84. (58-24)

Gallotia galloti, Lacerta dugesii, Lacerta lepida, Lacerta trilineata, Lacerta viridis, Podarcis melisellensis, Podarcis sicula, Podarcis sicula klemmeri, Podarcis tiliguerta, Takydromus sexlineatus.

Olmo, E., Odierna, G. & T. Capriglione (1987): Evolution of sex chromosomes in lacertid lizards. – Chromosoma, 96: 33-38.

Olmo, E., Odierna, G. & T. Capriglione (1987): Cytotaxonomy of lacertid lizards. – In: Gelder, J.J. van, Strijbosch, H. & P.J.M. Bergers (eds.): Proc. 4th Ord. Gen. Meet. S.E.H., Nijmegen 1987: 303-306. (56-22)

Acanthodactylus erythrurus, Gallotia galloti, Lacerta dugesii, Lacerta graeca, Lacerta lepida, Lacerta monticola, Lacerta schreiberi, Lacerta trilineata, Lacerta viridis, Podarcis melisellensis, Podarcis muralis, Podarcis peloponnesiaca, Podarcis sicula, Podarcis tiliguerta, Podarcis wagleriana, Psammodromus algirus, Takydromus sexlineatus.

Olmo, E., Odierna, G. & T. Capriglione (1993): The karyology of Mediterranean lizards. – In: Valakos, E.D., Böhme, W., Pérez-Mellado, V. & E. Maragou (eds.): Lacertids of the mediterranean region. – Athens, Bonn, Alicante (Hellenic Zool. Soc.). 61-84. (38-20)

The karyology of several Mediterranean lacertid lizards has been studies by means of chromosome banding methods and recombinant DNA analysis.
These investigations have provided some relavant data on the genome of lacertids:
- Although chromosome number and standard morpühology are generally highly preserved, variations both in C- and G-banding can be observed also at the intraspecific level.
- Sex chromosomes are probably present in all the species of the family, and their differentiation was determined by multiple mechanisms.
- Meiotic recombination may be influenced by environmental and hormonal factors.
- Some karyological characters provide interesting information on the phylogeny and taxonomy of lacertid lizards. In this regard, the G-banding, the presence of particularly highly repetitive DNA and NOR localization are the most useful characters.

Acanthodactylus boskianus, Acanthodactylus erythrurus, Acanthodactylus opheodurus, Acanthodactylus schreiberi, Acanthodactylus scutellatus, Algyroides marchi, Algyroides moreoticus, Algyroides nigropunctatus, Lacerta andreanskyi, Lacerta armeniaca, Lacerta bedriagae, Lacerta caucasica, Lacerta dahli, Lacerta derjugini, Lacerta horvathi, Lacerta laevis, Lacerta mixta, Lacerta monticola, Lacerta oxycephala, Lacerta parvula, Lacerta perspicillata, Lacerta portschinskii, Lacerta praticola, Lacerta raddei, Lacerta rostombekovi, Lacerta rudis, Lacerta saxicola, Lacerta unisexualis, Lacerta valentini, Eremias arguta, Eremias grammica, Eremias guttulata, Eremias multiocellata, Eremias olivieri, Eremias persica, Eremias przewalskii, Eremias regeli, Eremias strauchi, Eremias velox, Gallotia atlantica, Gallotia galloti, Galloti simonyi, Heliobolus lugubris, Lacerta agilis, Lacerta schreiberi, Lacerta strigata, Lacerta trilineata, Lacerta viridis, Lacerta lepida, Lacerta pater, Pacerta princeps, Lacerta dugesii, Lacerta graeca, Lacerta parva, Latastia longicaudata, Meroles cuneirostris, Meroles suborbitalis, Ophisops elegans, Pedioplanis husabensis, Pedioplanis namaquensis, Pedioplanis undata, Podarcis erhardii, Podarcis filfolensis, Podarcis hispanica, Podarcis lilfordi, Podarcis melisellensis, Podarcis milensis, Podarcis muralis, Podarcis peloponnesiaca, Podarcis pityusensis, Podarcis sicula, Podarcis taurica, Podarcis tiliguerta, Podarcis wagleriana, Psammodromus algirus, Psammodromus hispanicus, Takydromus amurensis, Takydromus formosanus, Takydromus septentrionalis, Takydromus sexlineatus, Takydromus smaragdinus, Takydromus tachydromoides.

Olmo, E., Odierna,G., Capriglione, T. & V. Caputo (1991): A karyological approach to the systematics of Lacertidae (Reptilia, Sauria). – Rev. Esp. Herp., 6: 81-90. (62-17)

The various karyological characters in lacertid lizards were analysed in order to determine their taxonomic value and the reconstruct a phylogeny of this family which takes into account the genomic characters as much as possible.
The most useful characters for a taxonomic study of lacertids appear to be the G-bands, the presence of particular highly repeated DNA sequence and the NOR localization.
A hypotesis on lacertids systematics, which agrees well with those proposed by others autors, is suggested.

Lacerta agilis, Lacerta schreiberi, Lacerta trilineata, Lacerta lepida, Lacerta pater, Lacerta princeps, Lacerta bedriagae, Lacerta caucasica, Lacerta dahli, Lacerta horvathi, Lacerta mixta, Lacerta monticola, Lacerta saxicola, Lacerta dugesii, Lacerta graeca, Lacerta parva, Lacerta vivipara, Podarcis hispanica, Podarcis melisellensis, Podarcis muralis, Podarcis peloponnesiaca, Podarcis sicula, Podarcis taurica, Podarcis tiliguerta, Podarcis wagleriana, Algyroides marchi, Algyroides moreoticus, Algyroides nigropunctatus, Acanthodactylus erythrurus, Eremias arguta, Eremias przewalskii, Eremias strauchi, Eremias velox, Heliobolus lugubris, Meroles cuneirostris, Meroles suborbitalis, Ophisops elegans, pedioplanis husabensis, Pedioplanis namaquensis, Pedioplanis undata,Gallotia galloti, Gallotia simonyi, Psammodromus algirus, Takydromus amurensis, Takydromus sexlineatus.

Olmo, E., Odierna, G., Capriglione, T. & A. Cardone (1990): DNA and chromosome evolution in lacertid lizards. –In: Olmo, E (ed.): Cytogenetics of amphibians and reptiles. Basel. 181-204.

OLMO, E., ODIERNA, G., CAPRIGLIONE, T., IN DEN BOSCH, H. & V. CAPUTO (2001): A comparative karyological analysis of Lacerta brandtii, Lacerta fraasii and Lacerta parva. – In: Vicente, L. & E.G. Crespo (eds.): Mediterranean Basin Lacertid Lizards – A Biological Approach. 51-54.

Olmo, E., Odierna,G. & O. Cobror (1986): C-band variability and phylogeny of Lacertidae. – Genetica, 71: 63-74.

OLMO, E., ODIERNA, G., MORESCALCHI, A., CAPUTO, V. & H. in den BOSCH (2001): Karyological affinity between Lacerta fraasii and Lacerta parva. - In: Vicente, L. & E.G. Crespo (eds.): Mediterranean Basin Lacertid Lizards – A Biological Approach. Abstracts. p. 139.

Olmo, E. & C. Taddei (1974): Histophotometric measurements of the DNA content inthe ovarian follicle cells of Lacerta sicula Raf. – Experientia, 30 (11): 1331-1332.

Olsson, Mats

Olsson, M. (1986): Spatial distribution and home range size in the Swedish Sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) during the mating seasons. – In: Rocek, Z. (ed.): Studies in Herpetology. Prague 1986: 597-600. (09-17)

Generalizations about spacing patterns and mating systems operating in lacertids have been based on few studies, sometimes even with contradictory results. In the sand lizard for example, previous investigations have indicated a non-overlapping home ranges with occasional defense of boundaries and foraging routes i.e. territoriality, overlapping home ranges with no defence or defence only of particular sites. The aim of this study is to clarify the spacing pattern and mating system operating in a population of sand lizards. Fights between males are common and Bischoff (1984) concludes that male sand lizards are territorial and in no way hierarchical. Female fights occur but seem to be rare events.

Olsson, M. (1988): Ecology of a Swedish population of the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) – a preliminary report. – Mertensiella, Bonn, 1: 86-91. (39-18)

In den Jahren 1984 und 1987 wurde eine individuell markierte Zauneidechsenpopulation, die sich an der schwedischen Westküste, circa 50 km südlich von Göteborg befindet, hinsichtlich räumlicher Verteilung, Paarungsverhalten, Demographie, Sexualdimorphismus, Geschlechterverhältnis und habitatspezifischer Abundanzen untersucht.
Diese Angaben sollten als vorläufig betrachtet werden, da die meisten Daten nur aus der Paarungszeit des Jahres 1984 stammen.
Das Untersuchungsgebiet ist eine felsige Küste, die durch Juniperus, Populus, Betula, Calluna, Prunus und Angelica aufgelockert wird.
Möglicherweise gibt es in der untersuchten Population mehr Weibchen als Männchen. Die jungen Weibchen scheinen aber unterrepräsentiert zu sein. Die Weibchen werden größer als die Männchen, was folgende Erklärungen haben kann: a) die Weibchen wachsen schneller, b) sie leben länger oder c) beide Komponenten spielen zusammen. Skelettchronologische Untersuchungen legen nahe, daß Weibchen in den höheren Altersklassen stärker vertreten sind als Männchen.
Südschwedische L. agilis verlassen Mitte April ihre Winterquartiere. Während der Paarungszeit sind die Männchen bedeutend mobiler als die Weibchen. Ältere und größere Männchen haben größere individuelle Aufenthaltsgebiete, daher häufiger Kontakt mit Weibchen und deshalb wahrscheinlich einen höheren Fortpflanzungserfolg.
1984 wurden zwischen April und Juni 90 und 1987 zwischen April und August insgesamt 160 adulte Zauneidechsen markiert. Die Tiere bevorzugen mit Calluna und Prunus bestandene Flächen. In den letzten Jahren zunehmende Birken- und Espenbestände wurden im Winter 1986/87 entkusselt. Es zeigte sich, daß die dadurch gewonnenen Sonnenflächen die Attraktivität des Gebietes für die Zauneidechsen deutlich seigerten.

Olsson, M. (1992): Contest success in relation to size and residence in male sand lizards, Lacerta agilis. – Anim. Behav., 44: 386-388.

OLSSON, M. (1992): Sexual selection and reproductive strategies in the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis). – Dissertation, University of Gothenburg.

Olsson, M. (1993): Male preference for large females and assortative mating for body size in the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis). – Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology, 32: 337-341.

Olsson, M. (1993): Nuptial coloration and predation risk in model sand lizards, Lacerta agilis. – Anim. Behav., 46: 410-412.

OLSSON, M. (1993): Contest success and mate guarding in male sand lizards (Lacerta agilis). – Anim. Behav., 46: 408-409.

Olsson, M. (1994): Buptial coloration in the sand lizard, Lacerta agilis: an intra-sexually selected cue to fighting ability. – Anim. Behav., 48: 607-613.

Olsson, M. (1994): Rival recognition affects male contest behaviour in sand lizards (Lacerta agilis). – Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 35: 249-252.

Olsson, M. (1994): Why are sand l,izard males (Lacerta agilis) not equally green? – Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 35: 169-173.

OLSSON, M. (1994): Nuptial coloration in the sand lizard, Lacerta agilis: an intra-sexually selected cue to fighting ability. - Anim. Behav., 48: 607-613.

Olsson, M., Gullberg, A. & H. Tegelström (1994): Sperm competition in the sand lizard, Lacerta agilis. – Animal Behaviour, 48: 193-200.

Olsson, M., Gullberg, A. & H. Tegelström (1995): Mate guarding in male sand lizards (Lacerta agilis). – Behaviour, 133: 367-386.

Olsson, M., Gullberg, A. & H. Tegelstrom (1996): Malformed offspring, sibling matings, and selection against inbreeding in the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis). – J. Evol. Biol., 9: 229-242.

Olsson, M., Gullberg, A. & H. Tegelstrom (1997): Determinants of breeding dispersal in the sand lizard, Lacerta agilis; (Reptilia,Squamata). – Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 60: 243-256.

Olsson, M., & T. Madsen (1996): Costs of mating with infertile males selects for late emergence in female sand lizards (Lacerta agilis). – Copeia, 1996 (2): 462-464.

OLSSON, M., & T. MADSEN (2001): Promiscuity in Sand Lizards (Lacerta agilis) and Adder Snakes (Vipera berus): Causes and consequences. – The Journal of Heredity, 92 (2): 189-197.
Abstract:
We review posatcopulatory phenomena in the Swedish sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) and adder (Vipera berus), and in particular, links between female promiscuity, determinants of paternity, and offspring variability. In both species, females mate multiply and exhibit a positive relationship between the number of partners and offspring variability. We conclude that this relationship is most likely the result of variable genetic compatibility between mates arising from postcopulatory phenomena, predominantly assortative fertilization with respect to parental genotypes. However, males who were more successful at mate acquisition were also more successful in situations of sperm competition, suggesting a possible link between male (diploid and haploid) genetic quality per se and probability of fertilization. Neither the number of partners nor the number of matings influenced the risk of infertility in sand lizards, suggesting that selection for reduced risk of infertility is not a sufficient explanation for maintaining female promiscuity in this population. Finally, we conclude that the relatively low genetic variability exhibited by our study populations may have facilitated detection of genetic benefits compared to more outbred ones. However, recent work derived from outbred populations in other taxa suggest a greater generality of the principles we discuss than previously may have been appreciated.

Olsson, M. & B. Severin (1997): Effects of growth rate on variation in breeding coloration in male sand lizards (Lacerta agilis: Sauria). – Copeia, 1997: 456-560.

Olsson, M. & R. Shine (1996): Does reproductive success increase with age or with size in species with indeterminate growth? A case study using sand lizards (Lacerta agilis). – Oecologia, 105: 175-178.

Olsson, M. & R. Shine (1997): The seasonal timing of oviposition in sand lizards (Lacerta agilis): Why early clutches are better. – J. Evol. Biol., 10: 369-381.

Olsson, M. & R. Shine (1997): The limits to reproductive output: offspring size versus number in the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis). – Amer.Natur., 149: 179-188.

OLSSON, M. & R. SHINE (1997): The limits to reproductive output offspring size versus number in the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis).- American Naturalist, 149:179-188.

OLSSON, M., WAPSTRA, E., MADSEN, T. & B. SILVERIN (2000): Testosterone ticks and travels: a test of the immuno-competence-handicap hypothesis in free-ranging sand lizards. – Proc. R. Soc.London B 267.

Oosten, Jan van

Oosten, J. van & B. Siebelink (1982): Veldwaarnemingen in de omgeving van Roosendaal. – Lacerta, 41 (3): 52. (11-11)

Lacerta vivipara.

Oota, Y.

Oota, Y. (1971): The hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system of the lizard, Takydromus tachydromoides. – Reports Fac. Sci. Shizzoka Univ., 6: 137-147.

Oppliger, A.

Oppliger, A., Célérier, M.L. & J. Clobert (1996): Physiological and behaviour changes in common lizards parasitized by haemogregarines. – Parasitology, 113: 433-438.

Oppliger, A. & J. Clobert (1997): Reduced tail regeneration in common lizard Lacerta vivipara parasitized by blood parasites. – Functional Ecology, 11: 652-655.

Oppliger, A., Clobert, J., Lecomte, J., Lorenzon, P., Boudjemadi, K. & H. John-Alder (1998): Environmental stress increases the prevalence and intensity of blood parasite infection in the common lizard Lacerta vivipara. – Ecology Letters, 1: 129-138.

OLLPIGER, A., DEGEN, L., BOUTEILLER-REUTER, C. & H.-B. JOHN-ALDER (2007): Promiscuity and high level of multiple paternity in common wall lizards (Podarcis muralis): data from microsatellite markers. – Amphibia-Reptilia, 28: 301-303.

OPPLIGER, A., GIORGI, M.S., CONELLI, A., NEMBRINIm M. & H.-B. JOHN-ALDER (2004): Effect of testeoterone on immunocompetence, parasite load, and metabolism in the common wall lizards (Podarcis muralis). – Canadian Journal of Zoology, 82: 1713-1719.

Orlandella, V.

Orlandella, V. (1967): Ricerche sui ´serbatoi` di Salmonella indagini sulla tartuga (Testudo hermanni Gmel.), sulla luvertola (Lacerta sicula sicula Raf.) e sul riccio (Erinaceus europaeus L.). – Atti Soc. pelorit. Sci. fis. Mat. Nat.. 13: 193-199.

Orlowa, Valentina F.

Orlova, V.F. (1969): The reproductive biology of lizards (Lacerta praticola Eversm. and L. derjugini Nik..). – Biol. Nauki, 1969 (12): 9-13.

Orlova, V.F. (1969): Biologija razmnoženija lugowoj (Lacerta praticola Eversmann I artwinskoj (Lacerta derjugini Nikolskij) jaščeric na Kawkaze. (Die Biologie der Vermehrung der Wiesen- (Lacerta praticola Eversm.) und der Artwiner Eidechxe (Lacerta derjugini Nik.).– Naučn, dokl. Wysš. Škol., ser. Biol., 12: 9-13.

Orlova, V.F. (1971): Systematic status and ecology of Lascerta chlorogaster. – Zool. J., Moskau, 50: 105-109. (inRussisch)

Orlova, V.F. (1975): Sistematika I njekotoryje ekologo-morfologiceskije osobjennosti ljesnych jasceric roda Lacerta. – Awtoref. Diss. Uniw. Moskwa. 19 S.

Orlova, V.F. (1978): Geografičeskaja izmenčiwost I opisanije lektotipa artwinskoj jaščericy Lacerta derjugini Nikolskij. – In: Issljedowanija po faune SSSR. Trud. Zool. Muz. MGU, Moskwa, 17: 188-203.

Orlova, V.F. (1978): Geographical distribution and intraspecific variation of Lacerta praticola from the Caucasus. – In: Birds and Reptiles. Izd. MGU, Moscow. 204-215. (in Russisch)

Orlova, V.F. (1986): Morphological and ecological diversity of multiocellated racerunner Eremias multiocellata Gunther. – In: Natural Condition and Biological Resources of the People´s Republic of Mangolia. – Nauka, Moscow. 177-178. (in Russisch)

Orlova, V.F. (1991): Distribution and variability of Eremias vermiculata Blanford in Mongolica. – In: Abstr. 6th Ord. Gen. Meet. S.E.H., August 19-23, 1991, Budapest, Hungary. S. 126.

ORLOVA, V.F. (1992): Intrapopulational and geographic variation of Eremias przewalskii Strauch in Mongolia. – Asiatic Herpetological Research, 4: 113-122.

Orlova, V.F. (1993): Variability of Eremias multiocellata Gunther in Dzungarian Gabi. – In: Abstr. 7th Ord. Gen. Meet. S.E.H., September 15-19, 1993, Barcelona, Spain. S. 106.

Orlowa, V.F. & W. Bischoff (1984): Lacerta derjugini Nikolskij 1898 – Artwiner Eidechse. – In: Böhme, W. (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Band 2/I Echsen II (Lacerta). 239-254. (12-02)

Orlowa, V.F. & A.I. Koslovskii (1996): Heterochromosomes and NOR-localization in the common lizard Lacerta vivipara JACQUIN, from Russia. – Russ. J. Herpetol., 3: 191-193. (50-17)

Karyotypes of the common lizard, Lacerta vivipara (2n = 36 in males; 2n = 35 infemales) from Moscow, Tver´ and Ivanovo regions were studies using standard and differentiated staining. For the first time sex chromosomes of females were reliably identified with the help of G-staining: subtelocentric W and acrocentric Z¹, Z². Successive staining (G-NORD demonstrated localization of the ribosomal gene clusters in the telomer zones of the 15th autosome pair. Analysis of the metaphase plates series stained by silver allowed the determination of the frequency of NOR activity in one or both homologues as well as the frequency of associations between them.

Orlowa, V.F. & W.N. Orlow (1969): Chromosome complements and some questions of systematics of lizards of the genus Lacerta. – Zool. Zh., Moskwa, 481 (7): 1056-1060. (in Russisch)

Orlova, V.F. & E.M. Smirina (1981): Wozrastnaja struktura populjacii artwinskoj jaščericy (Lacerta derjugini Nik.) na Sewernom Kawkaze. – In: Woprosy gerpetologii Awtoref. Dokl., Leningrad (Nauka). S. 97.

Orlowa, W.F. & E.Smirina (1983): Opredelenije wozrasta artwinskoj jaščericy Lacerta derjugini Nik. w Prirodnoj populjacii. – Biol. Nauki (Zool.), 9: 53-54.

Orrit, Núria

Orrit, N., Llorente, G.A. & L.F. López-Jurado (1999): Área propuesta para la reintroducción del lagarto gigante de El Hierro (Gallotia simonyi). Análisis de la disponibilidad vegetal. – In: López-Jurado, L.F. & J.A. Mateo Miras (eds.): El lagarto gigante de El Hierro: Bases para su conservación. Asociación Herpetológica Española. Monografias de Herpetologica, 4: 157-177. (66-21)

In the frame of the project “Recovery of the El Hierro Giant Lizard” (Life Program B4-3200/94/743) the possibility of expanding the present range of distribution has been foreseen. One of the places chosen (La Dehesa) is situated in the west of el Hierro island. The vegetation is composed of Juniperus forest not much affected by human influence. The area was selected because of several reasons: the finding of fossil remains of giant lizards, its remote situation far from human influence, the good plant coverage and the present of potential shelters. Monitoring was carried out in order to evaluate in a reliable way the suitability of the area as a possible place for releasing lizards. The evolution of trophic resources (vegetation) was analyzed by means of monthly transects. The results allow to value this area positively as a zone for expanding the range of the lizard, since it fulfills the necessary condition for supporting a lizard population. The lack of water during the dry seasons is minimized by the water contained in the vegetation. The carrying capacity of La Dehesa expressed in minimum lizard density and calculated from the plant biomass available would vary between 67.64 and 101.46 adult individuals by hectare.

Orrit, N. & L.F. López-Jurado (1997): Plan de Recuperación del Lagarto Gigante de El Hierro. – Cuademos Herpetologica, N. 1: 1-16. Asociación Herpetologicos Española. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. (30-21)

Orrit, N., López-Jurado, L.F. & G.A. Llorente (1999): Adaptación a la alimentación natural de Gallotia simonyi (Sauria, Lacertidae) en cautividad. – In: López-Jurado, L.F. & J.A. Mateo Miras (eds.): El lagarto gigante de El Hierro: Bases para su conservación. Asociación Herpetológica Española. Monografias de Herpetologica, 4: 197-205. (66-23)

Endangered and close to extiction, the giant lizard of El Hierro (Gallotia simonyi) is the subject of a recovery plan based on captive breeding and eventual reintroduction into native habitats. This endemic species is largely herbivorous and in captivity bred succesfully on a diet that was nutritious but not based on native foods. One goal was to change the dietary habits of a group of G. simonyi maintained in the Centro de Recuperación del Lagarto Gigante de El Hierro, so that hey could safely be reintroduced into natural habitats. Thus, a controlled period of adaptation to the natural vegetation of the reintroduction area was established. In captivity they had received water ad libitum, but in the dry natural area water is only occasionally available as condensation or rain. Our results indicate that the animals can consume and do well on the native resources available in the reintroduction area, particularly fruits of Juniperus turbinata, which are produced throughout the year. Lastly, we include dietary recommendations for lizards born in captivity which will ultimately be reintroduced into native habitats.

Ortega-Rubio, A.

Ortega-Rubio, A., Pilorge, T., Khodadoost, M. & L. Arriagal (1986): Interpopulation home range comparison of a temperate lizard. – Herpetology, 20: 71-80.

Osenegg, Kirsten

Osenegg, K. (1991): Forschungsprojekt: Evolution der Viviparie bei Lacerta vivipara. – Die Eidechse, Bonn/Bremen, 1991 (2): 10-13. (39-01)

Osenegg, K. (1995): Untersuchungen zum Spektrum der Freßfeinde der Waldeidechse, Lacerta vivipara im Südwesten Frankreichs. – Die Eidechse, Bonn/Bremen, 6 (14): 6-16. (38-03)

Die potentiellen Freßfeinde und einige im Experiment nachgewiesene Prädatoren der Waldeidechse, Lacerta vivipara werden für vier in den französischen Pyrenäen gelegene Populationen der oviparen Form dieser Art vorgestellt. Als die wichtigsten potentiellen Feinde unter den Wirbeltieren werden die Schlingnatter, Coronella austriaca und die Aspisviper, Vipera aspis eingestuft. Alle sonstigen möglichen Prädatoren unter den Wirbeltieren werden für die vier höhenmäßig gestaffelten Untersuchungsgebiete genannt und mit Angaben aus der Literatur verglichen. Als Eiprädatoren wurden die Maulwurfsgrille, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa sowie verschiedene Arten der Gattung Carabus identifiziert. Der Einfluß dieser Prädatoren auf die Populationsdichten wird kurz diskutiert.

Ostenrath, F.

Ostenrath, F. (1973): Untersuchungen zur intraspezifischen Variabilität der Taygetos-Eidechse, Lacerta graeca. – Unveröff. Diplomarbeit Universität Bonn. 69 S.

Ota, H.

Ota, H., Honda, M., Chen, S.-L., Hikida, T., Panha, S., Oh, H.-S. & M. Matsui (2002): Phylogenetic relationships, character evolution and biogeography of the lacertid lizards of the genus Takydromus (Reptilia: Squamata): a molecular perspective. – Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 76: 493-509.

Otte, Rinus

Otte, R. (1983): Moeder zijn zonder ooit en man gezien te hebben (parthenogenese bij hagedissen). – Lacerta, 41 (6): 100-106. (07-07)

This article deals with lizards who reproduce parthenogenetically. Parthenogenesis is a form of reproduction, in which the ovum develops to a new intact individual without being fertilized. This form of reproduction is known to exist for several species of lizards. Though there is no evidence for it, it is possible that some species have a special form of parthenogenesis, known as gynogenesis. In this special case a copulation takes place, but the ovum is not fertilized. A sperm only touches the ovum to initiate the division of the ovum.
The ovum in parthenogenetic lizards is formed by meiosis, as is the case in normally reproducing lizards. To maintain the right number of chromosomes it is most likely that there is a premeiotic doubling of the chromosomes.
In general parthenogenetic lizards live a isolated places, or in places where there is a very short period fit for reproduction (or in places which are a combination of those). Though Lacerta unisexualis is kept in a terrarium succesfully (and bred with) it is assumed that, in general, it is difficult to keep parthenogenetic lizards in a terrarium.

Lacerta armeniaca, Lacerta unisexualis, Lacerta saxicola, Lacerta rostombekovi, Lacerta dahli, Lacerta uzzelli.

Ouboter, Paul E.

Ouboter, P.E. (?): Een kruising tussen Lacerta pityusensis kameriana Mertens 1927 en Lacerta pityusensis vedrae L. Müller 1927. – Lacerta: 138-141. (19-14)

Bij een kruising tussen Lacerta pityusensis kameriana Mertens 1927 en Lacerta pityusneis vedrae L. Müller 1927 bleken de jungen het meest op Lacerta p. vedrae (♀) to lijken.

Ouboter, P.E. (1975): Waarnemingen aan Lacerta sicula sicula op een camping bij Sorrento (Italië). – Lacerta, 33 (11): 163-167. (27-17)

Notes are given on a population of Lacerta sicula sicula Rafinesque, living on a camping site near Salerno, Italy.

Ouboter, P.E. (1975): Aantekeningen over Lacerta sicula monaconensis Eier, 1881. – Lacerta, 34 (1): 8-10. (27-15)

In June and July, 1973, the Monacone Rock (near the Faraglione Rocks, Province of Naples, Italy) was visited, and habitat and behaviour of the endemic Lacerta sicula monaconensis Eier, 1881, were studies.

Ouboter, P.E. (1981): The ecology of the island lizard Podarcis sicula salfii: Correlation of microdistribution with vegetation coverage, thermal environement and food size. – Amphibia-Reptilia, Leiden, 2: 243-257. (27-29)

In the summers of 1974 rill 1979 microdistribution of Podarcis sicula salfii was examined. Areas without much vegetation and areas with dense vegetation have low densities. Horizontal space, predators, parasites. Interspecific competition, shelter and dew appear to be non important factors in the microdistribution of P. s. salfii. From 9 a.m. until 6 p.m. temperature in the sun is above PBT (preferred-body-temperature) in all zones. Shade temperature is different from one zone to another. In the most rocky zone without much vegetation, shade is provided by crevices. Shade temperatures is under PBT. Food is mainly available outside crevicies, in vegetation of Statice sinuatum. Food-size is small, so excursion-time will be long. Lizards are able to collect sufficient food if Statice-plants are close to crevicies. The zone with vegetation of Erica arborea, on top of the island, is shaded all day. Shade temperature is under PBT. Only clerarings are inhabited by lizards. All other zones have bushes and open areas. During the hot hours bushes provide shade, with shade temperature close to PBT. Food is mainly available in these bushes.

Ouboter, P.E. (1990): Vocalization in Podarcis sicula salfii. – Amphibia-Reptilia, Leiden, 11: 419-425. (42-05)

Ozelmas, U.

Ozelmas, U. & M.T. Akay (1995): Histopathological investigations of the effects of malathion on dwarf lizards (Lacerta parva, BOULENGER, 1887). – Bull. Environm. Contamin. Toxicol., 55: 730-737.